What is the Chloral hydrate?

Chloral hydrate is colourless crystals with a pentrating odour, while it's Molecular Formula is C2H3Cl3O2. colourless crystals with a pentrating odour Chloral hydrate is used as an intermediate in the production of insecticides, herbicides and hypnotic drugs. It has also been widely used as a sedative or hypnotic drug in humans at oral doses of up to about 750-1000 mg/day. Chloral hydrate is used as a sedative hypnotic, more commonly in pediatrics. With the advent of newer sedative hypnotics, its use has significantly decreased. It is also a drug of abuse, particularly in combination with ethanol to produce an amnestic effect in an individual who ingests it unknowingly.

What is the CAS number for Chloral hydrate?

The CAS number of Chloral hydrate is 302-17-0.

What is Chloral hydrate (302-17-0) used for?

Chloral hydrate is one of the oldest sedatives used for dental sedation. It was first synthesized in 1832 by Justus von Liebig and was the first synthetic central nervous system (CNS) depressant. It was used to treat delirium tremens, insomnia, and anxiety, although it is considered an unapproved drug by the US Food and Drug Administration. Initially considered to be a safer alternative to opium, it was noted to produce rapid unconsciousness when combined with ethanol. Physical dependence can occur with chronic use.Chloral hydrate is classified as a sedative-hypnotic and is known to induce sleep in children. It has been very popular in pediatric dentistry since the mid-1950s. Chloral hydrate is rapidly absorbed following oral administration and is converted through its first pass in the liver to trichloroethanol，its active form. Trichloroethanol is conjugated in the liver and excreted in the urine. Like other agents that are metabolized in the liver, chloral hydrate may interact with other drugs, herbs, or foods resulting in clinically significant alterations of the agents (e.g.,warfarin).InChI:InChI=1/C2HCl3O.H2O/c3-2(4,5)1-6;/h1H;1H2

What is the Chloral hydrate?

Chloral hydrate is colourless crystals with a pentrating odour, while it's Molecular Formula is C2H3Cl3O2. colourless crystals with a pentrating odour Chloral hydrate is used as an intermediate in the production of insecticides, herbicides and hypnotic drugs. It has also been widely used as a sedative or hypnotic drug in humans at oral doses of up to about 750-1000 mg/day. Chloral hydrate is used as a sedative hypnotic, more commonly in pediatrics. With the advent of newer sedative hypnotics, its use has significantly decreased. It is also a drug of abuse, particularly in combination with ethanol to produce an amnestic effect in an individual who ingests it unknowingly.

What is the CAS number for Chloral hydrate?

The CAS number of Chloral hydrate is 302-17-0.

What is Chloral hydrate (302-17-0) used for?

Chloral hydrate is one of the oldest sedatives used for dental sedation. It was first synthesized in 1832 by Justus von Liebig and was the first synthetic central nervous system (CNS) depressant. It was used to treat delirium tremens, insomnia, and anxiety, although it is considered an unapproved drug by the US Food and Drug Administration. Initially considered to be a safer alternative to opium, it was noted to produce rapid unconsciousness when combined with ethanol. Physical dependence can occur with chronic use.Chloral hydrate is classified as a sedative-hypnotic and is known to induce sleep in children. It has been very popular in pediatric dentistry since the mid-1950s. Chloral hydrate is rapidly absorbed following oral administration and is converted through its first pass in the liver to trichloroethanol，its active form. Trichloroethanol is conjugated in the liver and excreted in the urine. Like other agents that are metabolized in the liver, chloral hydrate may interact with other drugs, herbs, or foods resulting in clinically significant alterations of the agents (e.g.,warfarin).InChI:InChI=1/C2HCl3O.H2O/c3-2(4,5)1-6;/h1H;1H2

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302-17-0

Product Name：Chloral hydrate
Molecular Formula：C₂H₃Cl₃O₂
Specifications：99%
Molecular Weight：165.404

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Product Details;

CasNo： 302-17-0

Molecular Formula： C₂H₃Cl₃O₂

Appearance： colourless crystals with a pentrating odour

Manufacturer supply high quality Chloral hydrate 302-17-0 with GMP standards

Molecular Formula:C2H3Cl3O2
Molecular Weight:165.404
Appearance/Colour:colourless crystals with a pentrating odour
Vapor Pressure:0.297mmHg at 25°C
Melting Point:57 °C(lit.)
Refractive Index:1.4603 (estimate)
Boiling Point:96.3 °C at 760 mmHg
PKA:10(at 25℃)
Flash Point:57.3 °C
PSA：40.46000
Density:1.814 g/cm³
LogP:0.66730

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Chloral hydrate(Cas 302-17-0) Usage

Chemical Description	Chloral hydrate and chloral alcoholate are derivatives of chloral used in the synthesis of DDT.
Biological Functions	Chloral hydrate (Noctec, Somnos) was developed in the late 1800s and is still used as a sedative–hypnotic agent. It is a hydrated aldehyde with a disagreeable smell and taste that is rapidly reduced in vivo to trichloroethanol, which is considered to be the active metabolite. It produces a high incidence of gastric irritation and allergic responses, occasionally causes cardiac arrhythmias, and is unreliable in patients with liver damage.
Air & Water Reactions	Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile	Chloral hydrate is incompatible with alkalis, alkaline earth metals, alkali carbonates and soluble barbiturates. Chloral hydrate is decomposed by sodium hydroxide. Chloral hydrate reduces ammoniacal silver nitrate. Chloral hydrate liquefies when triturated with an equal quantity of menthol, camphor or thymol. . Reaction of Chloral hydrate with hydroxylamine produces toxic hydrogen cyanide gas, Org. Synth., 1941, Vol. 1, 377.
Hazard	Overdose toxic, hypnotic drug, dangerous to eyes. Probable carcinogen.
Fire Hazard	Flash point data for Chloral hydrate are not available; however, Chloral hydrate is probably combustible.
Flammability and Explosibility	Nonflammable
Biochem/physiol Actions	Chloral hydrate is a sedative/hypnotic.
Safety Profile	A human poison by ingestion and possibly other routes. Poison experimentally by ingestion, intravenous, and rectal routes. Moderately toxic by subcutaneous, parenteral, and intraperitoneal routes, Experimental reproductive effects. Human systemic effects by ingestion: general anesthetic, cardiac arrhythmias, blood pressure depression, eye effects, coma, pulse rate increase, arrhythmias. Human mutation data reported. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data by skin contact. A sedative, anesthetic, and narcotic. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.
Synthesis	Chloral hydrate, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethandiol (4.3.1), is synthesized either by chlorination of ethanol or chlorination of acetaldehyde and the subsequent addition of water molecules to the resulting trichloroacetic aldehyde [31].
Potential Exposure	Chloral is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of such pesticides as DDT, methoxychlor, DDVP, naled, trichlorfon, and TCA. Chloral is also used in the production of chloral hydrate; used as a therapeutic agent with hypnotic, sedative, and narcotic effects; used in a time prior to the introduction of barbiturates
Drug interactions	Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs Anticoagulants: may transiently enhance effect of coumarins. Antipsychotics: enhanced sedative effects. Antivirals: concentration possibly increased by ritonavir.
Carcinogenicity	Chloral hydrate has not been adequately tested for teratogenicity, reproductive effects, or chronic toxicity. Similarly, no histological evaluations have been conducted.
Environmental Fate	Chloral hydrate is a CNS depressant, but its mechanism of action is not well known. Coingestion with ethanol produces enhanced effects by several mechanisms. First, ethanol competes for alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase, which then prolongs the half-life of ethanol. The metabolism of ethanol generates the reduced form of NADH, which is a cofactor for the metabolism of chloral hydrate to its active metabolite trichloroethanol. Finally, ethanol inhibits the conjugation of trichloroethanol to its inactive form urochloralic acid. This results in enhanced CNS depression.
Metabolism	Chloral hydrate is rapidly metabolised to trichloroethanol (the active metabolite) and trichloroacetic acid in the erythrocytes, liver, and other tissues. It is excreted partly in the urine as trichloroethanol and its glucuronide (urochloralic acid) and as trichloroacetic acid. Some is also excreted in the bile.
Shipping	UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Toxicity evaluation	Chloral hydrate has been detected at 5 mg l-1 in the US drinking water supply. Although chloral hydrate does not exist naturally, it can be produced as a by-product of chlorination of water at water treatment facilities, specifically in exposed water with high amounts of humic and fulvic substances.
Incompatibilities	Chloral hydrate reacts with strong bases forming chloroform. Contact with acids, or exposure to light may cause polymerization. Reacts with water, forming chloral hydrate. Reacts with oxidizers, with a risk of fire or explosions.
Waste Disposal	Incineration after mixing with another combustible fuel; care must be taken to assure complete combustion to prevent phosgene formation; an acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.
Definition	ChEBI: An organochlorine compound that is the hydrate of trichloroacetaldehyde.
General Description	Chloral hydrate, trichloroacetaldehydemonohydrate, CCl3CH(OH)2 (Noctec), is analdehyde hydrate stable enough to be isolated. The relativestability of this gem-diol is largely a result of an unfavorabledipole–dipole repulsion between the trichloromethyl carbonand the carbonyl carbon present in the parent carbonylcompound.Chloral hydrate is unstable in alkaline solutions, undergoingthe last step of the haloform reaction to yield chloroformand formate ion. In hydroalcoholic solutions, it formsthe hemiacetal with ethanol. Whether or not this compoundis the basis for the notorious and potentially lethal effect of the combination of ethanol and chloral hydrate (the “MickeyFinn”) is controversial. Synergism between two differentCNS depressants also could be involved. Additionally,ethanol, by increasing the concentration of nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide (NADH), enhances the reduction ofchloral to the more active metabolite trichloroethanol, andchloral can inhibit the metabolism of alcohol because it inhibitsalcohol dehydrogenase. Chloral hydrate is a weak acidbecause its CCl3 group is very strong electron withdrawing.A 10% aqueous solution of chloral hydrate has pH 3.5 to4.4, which makes it irritating to mucous membranes in thestomach. As a result, GI upset commonly occurs for thedrug if undiluted or taken on an empty stomach. Chloral hydrateas a capsule, syrup, or suppository is currently available.